MS Excel - Excel CHISQ.TEST() function

Description

The CHISQ.TEST() function is used to test for independence. The function returns the value from the chi-squared (χ2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. You can use χ2 tests to determine whether hypothesized results are verified by an experiment.

Version: Excel 2013

Syntax

CHISQ.TEST(actual_range,expected_range)

Parameters

Name Description Data Type Required/
Optional
Actual_range The range of data that contains observations to test against expected values. number Required
Expected_range The range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total. number Required

Remarks :

  • If actual_range and expected_range have a different number of data points, CHISQ.TEST returns the #N/A error value.
  • The χ2 test first calculates a χ2 statistic using the formula :

    chisq test

    where :

    Aij = actual frequency in the i-th row, j-th column

    Eij = expected frequency in the i-th row, j-th column

    r = number or rows

    c = number of columns

  • A low value of χ2 is an indicator of independence. As can be seen from the formula, χ2 is always positive or 0, and is 0 only if Aij = Eij for every i,j.
  • CHISQ.TEST returns the probability that a value of the χ2 statistic at least as high as the value calculated by the above formula could have happened by chance under the assumption of independence. In computing this probability, CHISQ.TEST uses the χ2 distribution with an appropriate number of degrees of freedom, df. If r > 1 and c > 1, then df = (r - 1)(c - 1). If r = 1 and c > 1, then df = c - 1 or if r > 1 and c = 1, then df = r - 1. r = c= 1 is not allowed and #N/A is returned.
  • Use of CHISQ.TEST is most appropriate when Eij’s are not too small. Some statisticians suggest that each Eij should be greater than or equal to 5.

 

Example - 1 : Excel CHISQ.TEST() function
The following worksheet shows the χ2 statistic for the data below is (*16.16957) with 2 degrees of freedom.

Men (Actual)

Women (Actual)

 Description
58 35 Agree.
11 25 Neutral
10 23 Disagree

 

Men (Expected)

Women (Actual)

 Description
45.35

47.65

 Agree.
17.56 18.44 Neutral
16.09 16.91 Disagree

excel chisq dot test1*changed

?Source:http://www.w3resource.com/excel/excel-chisq-dot-test-function.php